The St Anne's Story
An engraving of the Royal Asylum of St Anne's Society's Schools,
Redhill, from the yearbook of 1893
(Courtesy Jan Dixon and Roger Clarke)
In this picture of Redhill from the common St Anne's is the
large redbrick building top centre. It stood on slightly rising
ground a little north of the railway station. This view is
looking NNE.
| Before St Anne's came to Redhill The Royal Asylum of St Anne's was founded in the Parish of St. Anne's and St Agnes in Aldersgate, London, in 1702. As this was also the year that Queen Anne took the throne it is not certain whether the Parish or the Monarch gave it its name. The reader will notice that the name is given variously as St Anne's and St Ann's throughout this chapter, although the Society did not become called St Ann's Society (without an e) until 1709. Its work, that of maintaining and educating the children of those who had once seen better times, began with twelve boys in the City. Nearly ninety years later a girls' school was added, with twelve girls received, clothed and educated. By 1820 there were 30 boys and 32 girls. A limit had to be put on the numbers for want of accommodation but soon after this a new school was built at Streatham, South London, to accommodate 100 boys and 50 girls. This was occupied by 1830 but by the middle of the second half of the 19th century it had become overcrowded with 200 boys and 137 girls on role and a site for a larger building had to be found. As is detailed below it eventually came to Redhill but could have gone to Banstead, as a cutting from the Surrey Local News from June 1875 reports on a meeting of its governors held at the London Tavern ' for the purpose of considering upon the problem of removing from Streatham into the country'. The accommodation at Streatham, originally designed for 150 children and subsequently enlarged, was no longer suitable. A formal resolution was put to the meeting to which 'there was not an opposing voice'. Two other resolutions were adopted giving the Governing Council the powers to purchase a new site and erect suitable buildings thereon; also to dispose of the then present site and buildings at Streatham. During the meeting it was stated that 'a suitable site could be procured on Banstead Downs on favourable terms'. It would seem that the Banstead site was not so easily procured, or was perhaps not so suitable, or its terms not as favourable, as first thought, and it would be a few years a site at Redhill was decided upon. Author's note: - A great deal of work on the history of St Anne's and the three institutions that occupied it was done by Mrs Beryl Watson. Some of her papers are now in my possession and a number of items have been used in this history. One of these was the Surrey Local News cutting referred to above. Where other items from her papers are used they will be acknowledged. Material has also come from other sources, and is also acknowledged. AJM |
St
Anne's Redhill History Left: - A page from the yearbook of 1893 stating the objective of the Asylum of St Ann's Society (Courtesy Jan Dixon and Roger Clarke) |
Following the ceremony there was a procession through the streets of Redhill where crowds flocked to see the Prince and Princess of Wales. The destination of the procession was the house of Mr Waterlow at High Trees, where a reception was held. The new St Ann's Society building was officially opened in August of 1885 by the Lord Mayor of London, Mr R.N.Fowler, who was also treasurer of the St. Ann's Society. The children from Streatham moved there in the same month. Author's note: - During research a few references to St Ann's children at Redhill were noted from 1881-1884, i.e. seemingly before the building was erected. This was puzzling but the history of the school seemed to be as stated above. In 1936, however, St Anne's was sold to the Surrey County Council by the governors of the Foundling Hospital after that institution, the successor of the St Anne's Society, had vacated the building following the opening of a new school at Berkhamstead. The Surrey Mirror report of the sale ended a brief history of both schools with the sentence, 'The building was erected in 1881'. This single sentence would seem to throw into doubt previous evidence of the 1884 building completion date but answer the problem of St Anne's children's presence in Redhill from 1881. It is, however, not evidence of a deviation from the history as stated above. The opening picture (engraving) comes from the yearbook of 1893 suggesting that the building was already in existence then but could have been a projection of how the building would look when completed. The building, designed by Messrs Hickmay and Sons of Parliament Street, Westminster, was a large, four storied red brick edifice in the shape of a letter H, with a central clock tower 125 feet high, about twice the height of the rest of the structure. The building was always an imposing feature that faced Redhill and, being on higher ground, tended to be the town's dominant feature. Its central part contained offices, servant's quarters, the main dining hall, kitchens, stewards and master's rooms. The south wing contained the school rooms for 240 boys and the north wing for school rooms for 160 girls. School rooms were on the ground floor, dormitories on the first and second floors and servants' quarters on the top floor. The boys' accommodation was divided between juniors and seniors. Arches under the wings led to covered playgrounds beneath. Detached at the rear of the main building were the laundry, wash house, gymnasium and 30-foot by 40-foot swimming baths. There was also a cricket pitch and water was supplied from a well on the premises. The chapel was about 60 feet from the main building and seated 600. Two infirmaries, both also detached provided general and isolation facilities. A porter's lodge was built in the grounds. In all the area occupied amounted to about 20 acres. The 20th Century The Rev. Dr Perry (Courtesy Mr M.Ingram) By the turn of the century St Ann's
required at least £11,000 each year to continue its
work, deriving income from Royal patronage, subscribers,
donations and investments. When unexpected expenditure
drained the reserves, as it did when extensive drain
repair work was required in 1902, the finances groaned
under the strain. An Old Boy's Association was formed in
1900 and by 1904 had 88 members. Considering the age of
the institution this does not seem a large number and the
authorities, in school magazine articles, were frequently
asking for more to join. This termly magazine was often
full of pride for those of its pupils who had gone to
jobs in the colonies - Canada and South Africa seem to
have claimed the largest share - and perhaps this wide
scattering of ex-pupils accounts for the low number of
Old Boys Association members. Incidentally, the 1904
spring term was one not to be relished, as a boy named
Ransdale and two girls died, probably in an outbreak of
diphtheria or scarlet fever. |
This picture of St Anne's staff in 1905 was sent in by Rose Taylor, author of a book about Crossley Heath School, an establishment that started life as The Crossley Orphan Home, a school not dissimilar to St Anne's. One of the teachers in the picture, Mr Cockett, taught there for a number of years, and had been a colleague there of Mr Perry above, before moving to Redhill in 1889. For anyone interested
in Crossley Heath School a link to the book is: http://www.tempus-publishing.com |
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| (picture courtesy Rose Taylor) | ||
| These two
pictures of Mr Cockett show him aged 21 and in his
mid-40s. He died aged about 48 in Carlisle after an
illness during the Christmas holidays of 1905/1906. Those
who had said goodbye to him when he left Redhill did so
not realising that they would not see him again. (Both pictures courtesy Rose Taylor) |
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| Much of the space in the termly magazines was devoted
to sport, such as inter-house competitions and
inter-school matches. Shooting swimming, football and
cricket dominate, with athletics featuring Above: - St Ann's trophies awarded 1897-1907 (Courtesy M.Ingram) |
Right: - The football 2nd XI of 1906 Ex-pupil Edward Pulling |
| This post card featuring the school was postally used in 1907 and shows the chapel on the right and the cottage in the grounds | The railway line ran along St Anne's western border (the station is bottom left). The fastline is just off this map to right (east) side. |
| A sadly damaged picture of the St Anne's boys in June 1908 | |
| Closure of the School The history of the St Anne's Society spanned 210 years, whereas the school lasted at Redhill for only 35 years of that time. It finally closed just after the Great War due to loss of income sufficient to keep it going. A factor in this state of affairs may have been the loss of the royal patronage it had previously enjoyed, as after King Edward Vll died King George V would not continue as he felt that other post war matters were more urgent. (A page from the St Ann's boys' Easter term magazine of 1910 commemorating the death of King Edward VII. Little would the School authorities have realised the effect upon St Ann's his passing was to have). During the war the subscriptions to the school had dropped while costs had increased. The number of children also dropped with 124 boys and 106 girls there in 1918 and there was a budget deficit of £6,500. The school did not go without great efforts to save it, and the failure to raise £50,000 in 1919 resulted the situation becoming a lost cause. A decision sell the property was made and the school closed in the same year. Dr Perry had remained as Head and Chaplain since his 1896 appointment and for seven years after the closure lived at 'Cleveden', 41 London Road, Redhill, doing private tuition. In 1924 Hillsbrow School at Redhill was advertising 'the Rev. W.J.Perry' as one of its staff members. In 1926 he became Rector of Farleigh, near Warlingham and also rector to Croydon Mental Hospital until his retirement in 1936. His wife died in 1933 and he died at Ramsgate in 1949 aged 90, seven weeks after the death of his son. Five daughters survived him. |
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| 1919 - 1935 - St Anne's Becomes the Foundling
Hospital The building was offered for sale by auction in 1920 but remained unsold. In 1921 another auction disposed of the furniture and fittings, amongst which were 400 iron bedsteads, 1,500 blankets and 21 pianos. The building remained empty and for sale at £30,000 for seven years until, in 1926, it was purchased by the Foundling Hospital, although the lower sum of 25,500 was paid. The Foundling Hospital was an organisation almost as old as the St Anne's Schools that was started in 1739 by Captain Thomas Coram, who had been shocked to see abandoned babies lying either dead or dying on London rubbish heaps. He obtained a royal charter to start a hospital to take in these infants, the success of his venture owing much to the support of the painter, Hogarth and the composer Handel. The Foundling Hospital continued into the 19th century when it found the smoke and soot in London's air too much to contend with and moved out to Redhill. St Anne's, the building, had a new occupier. In many respects the organisation was on a par with that other famous guardian of orphans, St Barnardo's, but the main difference as far as the Redhill children were proud to point out was that they had uniforms and St Barnardo's children did not. The children made a colourful sight when they were out together in the town, 'crocodiles' of them weaving their way along the pavements.
The move to Redhill had always been intended as a temporary one for the Foundling School as it was having permanent premises purpose built at Berkhamstead. These were ready by 1935 when the school was transferred away from St Anne's, which once again became empty. The Foundling School was not to remain in its new home for much longer, however, as modern thinking was to move away from children's institutions towards foster homes. This was achieved and in 1950 the Berkhamstead site was sold to Hertfordshire County Council. Five years later the Foundling Hospital changed its name to the Thomas Coram Foundation for Children, and continues to work for children with special needs. |
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| Pictures below: - King George V had remained a patron of the Foundling School and in 1929 his daughter, the Princess Royal, Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood, became a governor of the institution. On July 12th 1930 she combined a visit to the East Surrey Hospital on Whitepost Hill with a visit to the Foundling School at St Anne's. Photos of this visit are understood to exist in the Thomas Coram Museum in London; four photocopies from Beryl Watson's papers appear below. The children are wearing their traditional costumes which may have been used only on formal occasions by this time. Beryl Watson remarks in her notes that the girls' dresses in the pictures are considerably shorter than she remembered seeing them in 1927, no doubt following the current fashion. | ||
| 1930 visit to the by the Princess Royal, Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood. Here she is arriving. | The boys lined up for inspection | |
| HRH inspects the girls and is waved off as she departs. No doubt there was much more to her visit than is shown above. | ||
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Christopher Francis Gough's occupation was given on his 1882 marriage certificate as 'Engine Driver' but it seems that an interpretation of this that would have him on the footplate of a locomotive, although a natural assumption, would be incorrect. This is because for some time he was an 'Engine Driver' at the printing works in the Brighton Road, before he went to work at St Anne's and to live there in the Engineer's Cottage. It seems, then, that 'Engineer' would be a better description for this man who would be in charge of the machinery and other equipment for which either a printing works or a large institution would require a skilled technical man. Engineer Gough's time at St Anne's started around 1893 and continued until at least 1923. The fact that this latter date is four years after the St Anne's Society left the premises is perhaps explained either by the need for the engineer to remain on site to maintain the fabric and general workings of the building or that he had some kind of secure tenancy in the Engineer's cottage. It would be wonderful if we had some detailed insight into the kind of work he did in the huge building but that is denied us. What we do have is an insight into some work he did during WW1 and which is revealed in a letter to a daughter. 'I have been keeping vigil on the railway bridge until we got the all clear for the school. We could see the barrage and hear the bursting of the shells, and they have been in our neighbourhood but did not drop any shells. Two of our airmen were chasing Gothers (sic) across cricket field. Our machines had strong headlights (electric). It was weird; we could hear the Germans but could not see them. There were the two Mr Greens, Mr Jones , myself and two or three town special constables on the bridge, quite enough of us don't you think. Keeping watch in case of anything, but I really don't know what any one of us could have done. St Anne's children were mustered in the basement corridors, three concrete floors above them, but some nights they were allowed to remain in bed, but were to hold themselves in readiness to turn out sharp. Wasn't I glad when I see the weather, mist vapour and cloud, come streaming across the sky from the south-west and cover up the big glaring face of the moon last night'. (The word 'Gothers' no doubt refers to Gothas, large biplanes specially built by the Germans to bomb London and other British towns in daylight after the failures of the zeppelins. They came in numbers and the first attack by them was in May 1917. Losses, some due to bad weather, caused the Germans to revert to night raids, especially when there was a bright moon). This part of the history of St Anne's serves to show us how the welfare of the children was being observed as best it could be in such circumstances. The letter also contained words of encouragement to his daughter in London, the main target for the raids of the aeroplanes that Engineer Christopher Gough had heard but not seen. The picture above shows Christopher Gough (far right) outside St Anne's Engineer's Lodge with four of his own children in about 1907 (Picture, letter and details of Christopher Gough and other information courtesy Jan Dixon and Roger Clarke) |
| An image of St Anne's Walk from
an old postcard (kindly supplied by Diane Johansen) |
The cottage on the entrance drive to St Anne's, presumably the one occupied by Engineer Gough above. | |
| St Anne's 1935 - 1975 St Anne's was sold to Surrey County Council by the governors of the Foundling Hospital in 1936 following the closing of captain Coram's Old Holborn institution and the opening of a new school at Berkhamstead. The 1912 name, 'The St Anne's Schools', had been changed to 'The Foundling School' during the years of that institution's occupation of the building but now it was proposed that the original name be re-adopted, although it was stated at the time that the name was not 'St Anne's Schools' but 'St Anne's Institution'. The point was of little or no significance however, especially as an alternative and simpler 'St Anne's' was more favourable to most and was how that building was renamed and known for the rest of its life, and how it has been referred to ever since. The building was to have one more use, however. There had long been a consensus of opinion against the workhouse system where many old people spent their last days. Redhill's workhouse was on Earlswood Common, along what was then Union Road but is now Pendleton Road. Surrey County Council turned St Anne's into a home for the elderly and closed the Earlswood workhouse in 1938. The lot of the redbrick building's new residents was said to be improved by their transference to a place where they received care from dedicated staff. Later on the building was also used to house the homeless. This was a state of affairs which, it was said, could not last because the word 'institution' could still be applied to the large Victorian edifice and the purpose it served (despite the word not having been officially adopted as part of its name). Gradually the elderly were moved into smaller units, this process being completed by about 1973. In 1975 there was a serious fire at St Anne's. There were still some homeless families living there but Surrey County Council, which was already considering the building's future, now had £40,000 worth of damage to influence their decision. That decision was to close the building completely. The responsibility for housing the homeless was being transferred to the Borough Council anyway and they were eventually found other accommodation. In fact the whole structure and funding of this aspect of social service was altered. |
The staff of St Annes, Redhill. By the look
of the background it must be Coronation Year, 1953. This
picture courtesy Brian Burrows whose wife's father,
George Clark, worked there from 1945-53. He is standing
first on left at back (head near flag) |
Author's note: - St Anne's had for some time been used by the Redhill fire Brigade as a practice point for escape ladder drills, so local fireman were versed in some aspects of fighting fire here. My own father was OIC at Redhill Fire Station when a visiting inspecting officer arrived unannounced and ordered a fire escape drill on the spot. The firemen were turned out and the escape was driven to St Anne's and efficiently run up the front of the building, the repetition of an exercise carried out many times before. The inspecting officer went away satisfied. AJM |
| Picture courtest Surrey Mirror |
| The Final Ignominy The St Anne's building then became the centre of controversy as there were those who wanted it preserved. It had been purpose-designed by our Victorian Civic Fathers and was a focal point of the town, some argued. It was a landmark of distinction and dignity and should be recognised as such by being made a listed building. Beryl Watson was reported in the local paper as saying it would make a very good block of flats, although the same article also reported opinions that Surrey County Council had allowed the building to deteriorate too far during the time it had stood empty. Even if most of it was demolished the central tower with its clock turret could remain as the centrepiece for a new development, it was suggested. But this was not the only controversial aspect of the building. The stained glass windows from the chapel had been sold to a dealer and had disappeared. Why had these not been preserved, people asked. But the building was owned by the County, not by the Borough, and in December 1987 it was demolished, anything of interest or value being auctioned. There was one, possibly two, exceptions. The first was the foundation stones of the main building and the chapel, which were left behind by the demolition men and now lay behind one of the buildings in Noake Drive. The other possible exception was the clock, for it is said to now be incorporated in the Belfry. |
| The foundation stone of the chapel, laid by royal hand 1884, abandoned by demolition men 1987. (Picture taken by author) | St Anne's demolition - the turret of St Anne's tower was rescued by the Sussex Architectural Salvage Group (Beryl Watson, possibly from a Surrey Mirror article) | |
| Many parts of the building were sold at auction. A pair of terracotta wall plaques, of which the item pictured was one, went for £400. (Beryl Watson) | ||
| This wood and lead
flashed dome was sold for £2,000 (Beryl Watson) |
The St Anne's communion set ( Beryl Watson) | |
| This stained glass panel from St Anne's chapel is one of two base panels from lancet windows that are in store at the Stained Glass Museum at Ely Cathedral. It measures 62cm x 63cm and depicts an angel with a scroll inscribed 'St Matthew'. | Another of the stained
glass windows from St Anne's |
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| (The two above pictures supplied to Beryl Watson by the curator of the Stained Glass Museum at Ely) | ||
| Another picture of demolition material on sale. Was the pony trap on the right a part of the sale? If so then perhaps there were other items from the earlier part of the century that had been in store at St Anne's. (Beryl Watson) | 'Time Runs out for St Anne's' was the local paper's apt headline for a 1975 article about the stopping of the clock after it had faced the town of Redhill for over 90 years. The picture shows assistant engineer Mr Maurice Berkeley stopping the clock. Mr Berkeley had looked after the clock for eight and a half years; perhaps it was one of the tasks also carried out by Engineer Gough, mentioned above, during his time there (Surrey Mirror) | |
| A picture (actually two joined together) that I took in the 1990s when walking through the St Anne's site. Dwellings were in the course of erection where the old Victorian institution that is the subject of this page once stood. | ||
| Note: - Reference to the boys of St Ann's is dominant in this chapter because the vast majority of research material that came to hand was all about the boys' side of the school, which is a shame considering the girls' side was of considerable size. References: - Acknowledgements Many thanks to Mike Ingram,
some time resident of Reigate, who kindly lent a number
of St Anne's magazines (Boys' side) dating from No.1 in
1902 to No.27 in 1912, from which some of the pictures in
this chapter came. Equally gratefully thanks to Jan Dixon
and her father, Roger Clarke, who provided information
about their forebear Christopher Gough, Engineer at St
Anne's, and gave me access to items from their rich
family chest. Thanks also, as always, to the Surrey
Mirror, and to the Times Newspaper.. |
| If
you have information about St Anne's please CONTACT AUTHOR This page is part of Alan Moore's website www.redhill-reigate-history.co.uk To see more about the history of Redhill and Reigate RETURN TO MAIN INDEX PAGE |